Essay on The Age of Alexander - 1793 Words

The Age of Alexander The conquests of Alexander the Great spread Hellenism immediately over the Middle East and far into Asia. After his death in 323 B.C., the influence of Greek civilization continued to expand over the Mediterranean world and W Asia. The wars of the Diadochi marked, it is true, the breakup of Alexanders brief empire, but the establishment of Macedonian dynasties in Egypt, Syria, and Persia (the Ptolemies and the Seleucidae) helped to mold the world of that day into a wider unity of trade and learning. The Hellenistic period was an international, cosmopolitan age. Commercial contacts were widespread and peoples of many ethnic and religious backgrounds merged in populous urban centers. Advances were made in various†¦show more content†¦B.C. Pergamum was also prominent, and there were other cities of influence (e.g., Dura). In the Hellenistic period, although the cities were no longer independent, as they had been in the Hellenic era, they were the centers of trade and craft industry. It was in the cities that the descendants of the Greco-Macedonian conquerors became a professional class of rulers and soldiers and merchants, which provided a cultural and economic bond throughout the area, even though political unity did not survive the death of Alexander. Among the Greek ruling class, the old loyalties to the Polis had given way to a dedication to the profession. As the administrators and the merchants of their world, in spite of being in the minority, they had an influence out of proportion to their numbers. The city of Alexandria, founded by Alexander, located on the Mediterranean at the mouth of the Nile, became the most prominent center of commerce and learning. The library in Alexandria became the depository for recording many of the literary and scientific achievements of the time. Although women continued to have a subordinate status, some lucky few of the wealthy and ruling classes, would have the opportunity to become involved in commerce or in intellectual activities. For theShow MoreRelatedThe New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness by Michelle Alexander657 Words   |  3 Pages The book â€Å"The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness† (â€Å"The New Jim Crow†) hits on many significant points concerning the criminal justice system and the systemically racial elements that have been perpetuated through various laws. As argued in the book, the â€Å"War on Drugs† has been used to perpetuate racial discrimination against African Americans since the 1980s and the Reagan Administration. My personal reflection on the book comes from a legal perspective. Within theRead More The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, by Michelle Alexander1182 Words   |  5 PagesThe New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness is a book by Michelle Alexander, a civil rights litigator and legal scholar. The book discusses race-related issues specific to African-American males and mass incarceration in the United States. Michelle Alexander (2010) argues that despite the old Jim Crow is death, does not necessarily means the end of racial caste (p.21). In her book â€Å"The New Jim Crow†, Alexander describes a set of practices and social discourses that serve toRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration During The Age Of Colorblindness By Michelle Alexander1665 Words   |  7 PagesIn the new proactive book, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, Michelle Alexander dives into the not so complicated racial issues that plague this country that we tend to ignore. In all of history, African Americans have had to constantly fight for their freedoms and the right to be considered a human being in this society. It’s very troubling looking back and seeing where we have failed people in this country. At the turn of the century, when people began to thinkRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration During The Age Of Colorblindness By Michelle Alexander1854 Words   |  8 PagesI read The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness by Michelle Alexander published in 2012. The non-fiction book is 331 pages and features a forward by esteemed civil rights activist Dr. Cornel West. Alexander is civil rights lawyer who decided to write this book after dealing with young black felons restricted by the prison system. The book was a fascinating glimpse into the biases of the criminal justice system. The book is split into six riveting chapters. The initial chapterRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration During The Age Of Colorblindness By Michelle Alexander3956 Words   |  16 Pagestoday. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, by Michelle Alexander, is a book about the discrimination of African Americans in today s society. One of Alexander s main points is the War on Drugs and how young African American males are targeted and arrested due to racial profiling. Racial profiling, discrimination, and segregation is not as popular as it used to be during the Civil War, however, Michelle Alexander digs deeper, revealing the truth about our governmentRead MoreAlexander the Great: Historys Greatest1250 Words   |  5 PagesMacedonia was the birthplace of the greatest man in history: Alexander the Great. Greatness was in his blood, fierceness and bold fighting was only a bit of his entity. Alexander also influenced the world. He died young and for a brief period of twelve years of his life were actually spent engaged in performing the work of his life (Abbot, chapter 1). However, his influence was great and seen throughout history around the globe. Alexander the Great was the greatest in history because he conquered theRead More Alexander The Great Essay705 Words   |  3 PagesAlexander the Great On July twentieth, 356 B.C. Alexander the Great was born. His Father was Philip, the King of Macedonia. His mother was Olympia, daughter of the late King Epirus. Alexander was quite mature for his age. At 13 he started learning from Aristotle, he was trained with other children. It was at this time that he met Hephastion, his future best Friend. Aristotle gave Alexander training in rhetoric and literature and sparked his Interest in science, medicine, andRead MoreEssay A Brief Biography of Alexander the Great615 Words   |  3 PagesAlexander the Great Alexander, the great king of Macedonia, won many wars and conquered the land of Persia and defeated there king Darius III. He was meant to be the leader of an army that his father had made because as he was growing up he was raised as a commander. At the age of 20, Alexander was already the king of Macedonia. Six years later he conquered Persia. As a young kid Alexander the Great was formed to be a hero and as he grew up and completed his accomplishments he wasRead MoreThe Death Of Alexander And The Egyptian Pharaoh Essay1579 Words   |  7 Pageswho exiles Alexander and his mother from the kingdom for insubordination. Ptolemy, Alexander’s general who became the Egyptian pharaoh following the death of Alexander, narrates the story at an old age to scribes in Egypt. 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Children vs. Authority Rebellious Attitudes Free Essays

Children vs. Authority: Rebellious Attitudes to Avoid Societal Expectations Children’s literature has an extremely influential way of shaping a child’s outlook on life. When children read stories, they often relate to the characters on a very personal level, whether the character is polite and kind or rude and bratty. We will write a custom essay sample on Children vs. Authority: Rebellious Attitudes or any similar topic only for you Order Now The plots of children’s stories can influence generations of children in negative and positive ways. For over one hundred years, one of these influential texts is still J. M. Barrie’s Peter and Wendy, which originated as a play. The main character, Peter Pan, is a boy ho lives in Neverland and refuses to grow up. He lives by his own rules, with no parental guidance to help him learn right from wrong. The same concept is depicted in Harriet the Spy by Louise Fitzhugh. Harriet, an eleven year old aspiring writer, creates her own rules for being a child rather than conforming to societal expectations. In a book written by Colin Heywood, the historical expectations of children are explored with the conclusion that the expectations of children will continue to change over time, and Heywood is in hopes of this becoming a positive change. During the transition period from child to adult, many children rebel against authority figures, including parents or institutions. In Peter and Wendy and Harriet the Spy, the main characters rebel against authority in such a way as to defy social order. Living in Neverland, Peter refuses to mature and wishes to remain a boy forever, while Harriet could careless about conforming to the typical social requirements of her gender. Heywood discusses the gradual societal changes inflicted upon children from before the writings of J. M. Barrie to current novelists today. Both Peter and Wendy are strong examples of children who oppose parental authority fgures in order to resist the social normalities which proceed adolescence. Barrie’s character of Peter Pan opposes all authority in Peter and Wendy, however, the parental fgure of Neverland -Captain Hook- is the one authoritarian fgure in Peter’s fantasy which he cannot escape. The plot seems to thicken as the story continues, and their is major friction between the two characters: Peter avoids authority while Hook demands it. Peter interacts with parental authority throughout the novel, beginning with the Darlings. He frequently listens to the stories Mrs. Darling tells in the nursery, yet will not commit to the idea of parents and the rules that come along with them. He instead encourages Wendy, Michael and John to fly to Neverland with him, enticing them with â€Å"mermaids† and â€Å"pirates† (Barrie 97-100). This enticement is a depiction of Peter avoiding authority; he is encouraging the children to rebel and leave their parents for a fantasy island with no rules. A second example of Peter resisting authority is his interaction with Captain Hook in Neverland. Hook represents the dominant adult authority in a fantasy land with no ules, therefore, Peter and Captain Hook are polar opposites in the story. Peters constant opposition to boyhood leads to Hooks death to the infamous crocodile. Through Peters defile of authority to both parental fgures in the novel, he is avoiding the social structure which occurs in ones growth from child to adult. Besides blatantly stating â€Å"l always want to be a little boy and to nave tun,† Peter Pan continuously suppresses the idea of parental guidance or any type of authority (Barrie 92). Peter does not want to participate in the normal milestones of life, nstead, he wishes to stay a boy forever. He is constantly avoiding rules, adults, and any concept of responsibility expected from him. Although Peter demonstrates many qualities of a young man, especially with his leadership of the lost boys, he continuously defies the social normalities which follow adolescence. In an article written about J. M. Barrie, it states that Peter and Wendy stand out from other works for its use of â€Å"childhood innocence, the island as a retreat from society, separation, the fantastic, and the need for social order† (Schoenberg and Trudeau 2). Social order s a reoccuring theme in Barrie’s novel; the evident lack of social order emphasizes the evident need for it. When Wendy travels to Neverland with Peter she begins feeling romantically inclined towards him, however, Peter does not return the same emotion. He is incapable of romance, as he is not a man nor wishes to be one. He demonstrates authority himself, yet will not accept it from others. With the control of his own fantasy in Neverland, Peter eliminates any possibility of having a father and instead takes on the role as he sees fit. How to cite Children vs. Authority: Rebellious Attitudes, Papers

The Dan and Jacob for their wedding cake Samples for Students

Question: Is there any condition or warranty in the terms agreement between Mikaeala and Kimiko, regarding the icing colour ? Answer: Introducation An agreement which is enforceable by the courts of law are termed as contract. A contract comes into existence only when one party makes an offer to another party, and the other party accepts the offer by giving it its approval without any undue influence[2]. For a contract to be valid there should be- An intention should be there to create a legal relations There should also be an offer, made by one party to another Once the offer is made there has to be approval from the other party known as, acceptance There has to be some kind of benefit given to another party which is termed as, consideration The parties should also have the capacity to make contract. This means that the parties to a contract should be above the age of 18 years and of sound mind. A contract is of two type, expressed[3] contract and implied contract. An expressed contract is a contract where the terms of the contract are stated either orally or in writing whereas in an implied contract the terms and conditions of a contract are not always mentioned in writing, sometimes they are understood. The parties to a contract always discuss the type of contract they have made and have to abide by the terms and conditions of the contract. Every contract lays down different terms and conditions. The parties before they enter into a contract, they will make a number of offers to the other party encouraging them to accept the offer and enter into the contract. In case of any dispute between the two parties they have to be obliged under the term and conditions that are mentioned in the contract. When the agreement between the two parties have been noted down in writing and are signed by the parties it forms a contract, which then becomes legally binding. In the case, Bath V. Bath 659 N.E.2d 559 (1995) it was stated, that the term of contract must be obvious and reasonable and also the terms have to be clearly expressed. Implied terms of a contract are enforced by customs[4] and statutes. Under custom they are those terms that are used very often, we come across them in our day to day lives. We can explain this with the help of this case law, Liverpool City Council V. Irwin in this case, there were permitted implied terms that had to be abided by the parties. When the contracts are formed they have clear and reasonable mention of the terms and conditions of contract the parties have agreed to. In this case the seller sold his cycle to the buyer in return or exchange of a consideration which was in the form of money. The term of a contract can further be classified into: Condition, and Warranty Contracts are often in oral or written form, one being more essential than the other. The ones which are little more essential are called as conditions it is on the basis of these conditions that a contract purely exists and the one which are less essential are called warranties. Parties can not enter into a contract where there are no conditions. Conditions[5] form an essential part of the contract. If any party does not abide by the terms of the rules and regulations of the conditions laid down in a contract, the contract can be terminated. And will be known as void or voidable contract. In case, there has been a breach of any warranty in a contract, the party who is liable for the breach will have to compensate the other party for the damages caused in the form of money. The court will therefore take into consideration all the circumstances before deciding whether the term was a condition or a warranty, it will go through all the essential[6] elements laid down before the court an d conclude what it thinks fit. The court will not merely decide whether it is a condition or a warranty on the basis of what the parties call it. In the law of a contract there are various acts the work to protect the interest of the consumers, through the Parliament. Condition or warranty cannot be decided with the help of Common law only. Application In this situation, where Mikaeala had called Tower Flour, a place from where she always bough her ingredients for her cake shop and spoken to Ricky for placing her order. She had further inquired[7] from him that if there almond flours were gluten free as most of her clients were demanding gluten free cakes. Ricky on hearing this confirms to Mikaeala that they did posses gluten free almond flour. Mikaeala then agreed to order 40 kilograms of gluten free almond flour .right after their phone call conversation Ricky sent a mail to Mikaeala which had a form stating the type and amount of the flour. Mikaeala confirmed the form. However, there was no mention in the form about the gluten free almond flour. In an implied[8] term of contract, the following conditions should be there, obviousness, reasonability, and the terms should be clearly expressed. When Mikaeala had spoken to Ricky over the phone she had clearly mentioned that most her clients were demanding only gluten free almond cake and it is that only that she had wanted. Ricky had agreed to have the gluten free almond cake and thus, Mikeala had agreed to place an order only because of Rickys conformation. When Mikaeala had placed an order for 40 kilograms of gluten free almond flour it was implied by the terms[9] that what she had wanted. It was clearly expressed by Mikaeala that she only wanted gluten free almond flour; it was very obvious and reasonable that she wanted gluten free almond flour. In the case of Dan and Jacob, who had given an order of their wedding cake to Mikeaela, they wanted her to bake the cake using only almond flour but did not mention anything about the cake being gluten free. Thus, this does not imply to the terms of an implied contract. Mikaeala had also put up a sign board which said, we accept no responsibility for breach of warranty. Kimiko had ordered a cake from Mikaeala and had discussed all the details regarding the shape, size and also had made a mention regarding the colour of the icing that should be in blue and purple colour. At the time of delivering[10] the cake, Kimiko found out that the icing was blue and green which made it inappropriate for her event. As we have discussed earlier about condition[11] and warranty. We are aware of the fact that condition forms an essential part of our contract as compared to warranty. And under this situation the colour of the icing was a condition to a contract. It formed an important part of the contract because Kimiko wanted a certain colour of icing to represent a particular sports team. Hence, Mikaeala will be held liable under this term of contracts. With regard to the sign board put up by Mikeaela in her shop in a prominent place she will still be responsible for her act. There is a breach of contract. In Bolton V Mahedeva (1971) it has been stated that in case of breach of a contract the party because of whom harm, damage or loss had been caused to another party, will be liable to compensate the aggrieved party. Conclusion In my conclusion I would like to point out that, in the contract between Mikeaeala and Flour Tower the term of contract[12] was implied, as it went without saying that Mikeaela had mentioned to Ricky over their telephonic conversation that her customers only wanted gluten free almond flour and Ricky had confirmed her inquiry and only then was the order placed. But in the contract between Mikeaela with Dan and Jacob there was no implied contract, because they had only mentioned almond flour and there was no mention regarding the gluten free cake. Thus, Mikeaela will not be held responsible for any breach of contract. However, in the case of Kimiko, Mikeaela will be held liable for compensation as there is a breach of contract. Mikeaela ignored the condition of the contract as there had to be a particular icing colour on the cake representing a certain football team in their celebration. But Mikeaela failed to abide by the condition of the contract and hence will be liable to compensat e Kimiko. Reference List Appleman, John Alan, Jean Appleman, and Eric Mills Holmes.Excuses for Nonpayment and Defenses to Actions for Premiums. Vol. 5. Appleman on Insurance Law and Practice, 2015. Bix, Brian H. "Philosophical Foundations of Contract Law. By Gregory Klass, George Letsas, and Prince Saprai (eds.)[Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. viii+ 391 pp. Hardback 75. ISBN 978-0-19-871301-2.]."The Cambridge Law Journal74.03 (2015): 619-621. Burrows, Andrew. "Understanding the Law of Contract in Myanmar." (2015). Campbell, David. "The law of contract and the limits of the welfare state."The Anxiety of the Jurist: Legality, Exchange and Judgement(2016): 195. Cartwright, John.Contract law: An introduction to the English law of contract for the civil lawyer. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016. Chandler, Adrian.Questions and Answers Law of Contract. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015. Furmston, Michael Philip.Cheshire, Fifoot, and Furmston's Law of Contract. Oxford university press, 2017. Golding, Gabrielle, and Joanna Howe. "Book Review: The Contract of Employment by Mark Irving." (2015).McKendrick, Ewan.Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK), 2014. Paterson, Jeannie. "Money Awards in Contract Law." (2016): 302. Scott, Robert E. "Text versus Context: The Failure of the Unitary Law of Contract Interpretation."Francis Buckley, The American Illness: Essays on the Rule of Law(2013): 325-326. Smith, David Chan. "WARREN SWAIN. The Law of Contract 16701870. Cambridge Studies in English Legal History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. Pp. 331. $119.99 (cloth)."Journal of British Studies55.4 (2016): 828-82 [1] Furmston, Michael Philip.Cheshire, Fifoot, and Furmston's Law of Contract. Oxford university press, 2017. [2] Appleman, John Alan, Jean Appleman, and Eric Mills Holmes.Excuses for Nonpayment and Defenses to Actions for Premiums. Vol. 5. Appleman on Insurance Law and Practice, 2015. [3] Cartwright, John.Contract law: An introduction to the English law of contract for the civil lawyer. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016. [4] Burrows, Andrew. "Understanding the Law of Contract in Myanmar." (2015). [5] Scott, Robert E. "Text versus Context: The Failure of the Unitary Law of Contract Interpretation."Francis Buckley, The American Illness: Essays on the Rule of Law(2013): 325-326. [6] Smith, David Chan. "WARREN SWAIN. The Law of Contract 16701870. Cambridge Studies in English Legal History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. Pp. 331. $119.99 (cloth)."Journal of British Studies55.4 (2016): 828-829. [7] McKendrick, Ewan.Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK), 2014. [8] Chandler, Adrian.Questions and Answers Law of Contract. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015. [9] Golding, Gabrielle, and Joanna Howe. "Book Review: The Contract of Employment by Mark Irving." (2015). [10] Paterson, Jeannie. "Money Awards in Contract Law." (2016): 302. [11] Bix, Brian H. "Philosophical Foundations of Contract Law. By Gregory Klass, George Letsas, and Prince Saprai (eds.)[Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. viii+ 391 pp. Hardback 75. ISBN 978-0-19-871301-2.]."The Cambridge Law Journal74.03 (2015): 619-621. [12] Campbell, David. "The law of contract and the limits of the welfare state."The Anxiety of the Jurist: Legality, Exchange and Judgement(2016): 195.